Place:Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan

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is a city located in Kanagawa, Japan.

It is located at the mouth of Tokyo Bay in the Miura Peninsula, and the city stretches across the peninsula to Sagami Bay. Its neighbors are Yokohama, Miura, Hayama, and Zushi.

History

the text in this section is copied from an article in Wikipedia

Heian period

In 1063, Muraoka Tamemichi established Kinugasa Castle in what is now Yokosuka. He took the surname Miura. The castle fell during the Battle of Kinugasa in 1187. Miura Oosuke Yoshiaki died at that time.

Kamakura period

Hōjō Tokiyori defeated the Miura in 1247, but members of the Sawara family took the Miura surname, allying themselves with the Hōjō.

In 1253, Nichiren began teaching in the region.

Sengoku period

The Miura perished at Arai Castle in a 1518 attack by Hōjō Sōun.

Tokugawa Ieyasu took control over the Kantō region, including Yokosuka, when Toyotomi Hideyoshi transferred him in 1590.

Edo period

The adventurer William Adams (inspiration for a character in the novel Shōgun), the first Briton to set foot in Japan, arrived at Uraga aboard the Liefde in 1600. In 1612, he was granted the title of samurai and a fief in Hemi within the boundaries of present-day Yokosuka, due to his services to the Shogun. There he founded a family with Oyuki, the daughter of Magome Kageyu, a noble samurai and official of Edo Castle. William and Oyuki had a son called Joseph, and a daughter, Susanna. A monument to William Adams (called Miura Anjin in Japanese) is still visible in Yokosuka.

The Tokugawa shogunate established the post of Uraga Bugyō in 1720. To defend Edo Bay, they established an outpost at Ōtsu in 1842.

In 1853, United States naval officer Matthew Perry arrived in Tokyo Bay with his fleet of Black Ships and came ashore near present day Yokosuka, leading to the opening of diplomatic and trade relations between Japan and the United States.

The Yokosuka Iron Foundry was established on the site in the city in 1865, and the French engineer Léonce Verny spent the next ten years supervising the development of shipbuilding facilities.

Yokosuka became the first modern arsenal to be created in Japan. The construction of the arsenal was the central point of a global modern infrastructure, that was to prove an important first step for the modernization of Japan's industry. Modern buildings, the Hashirimizu waterway, foundries, brick factories, and technical schools to train Japanese technicians were established.

Meiji period and later

The city itself was incorporated in 1907.

Yokosuka was to become one of the main arsenals of the Imperial Japanese Navy into the 20th century, in which were built battleships such as Yamashiro, and aircraft carriers such as Hiryū and Shōkaku. Major naval aircraft were also designed at the Yokosuka Naval Air Technical Arsenal.

Between 1938 and 1945 more than 260 caves in more than 20 separate tunnel/cave networks were built throughout the base. There are 27 kilometers of known tunnels on the base. Many more tunnels are scattered throughout Yokosuka and the surrounding areas. During the war, these tunnels and caves provided areas in which work could be done in secrecy, safe from air attacks. A 500 bed hospital, a large electrical power generating facility, and a midget submarine factory and warehouse were among the many facilities in caves around the base. During the war, more than 800 personnel actually lived in these caves. Each naval base department was ordered to dig its own caves, which accounts for the lack of an overall organization to the cave and tunnel system. In 1992, a complete survey of all known caves was conducted, and all the caves except for three still in use were sealed up for safety reasons. The cave that is currently used as a command bunker by the US military was used for several years after the war to grow mushrooms, which were sold in the commissary for three yen per box.

The base has been used by the US Navy since 1945, and is the largest naval facility in Japan.

The battleship Mikasa, flagship of Admiral Togo at the Battle of Tsushima, built in Britain by Vickers, is preserved on dry land at Yokosuka. It is a museum, complete with actors dressed like members of the original crew, and can be visited for an entrance fee of 500 yen.

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